UNESCO has added Sirpur, a historic town in Chhattisgarh along the Mahanadi River, to its Tentative List, recognizing its ancient temples, Buddhist monasteries, and archaeological sites. This site showcases centuries of cultural, artistic, and religious interplay, reflecting its rich historical significance.
A Hub of Ancient Civilizations
According to its nomination, Sirpur flourished between the fifth and twelfth centuries CE. It served as the capital of Dakshina Kosala under the Panduvamshi rulers in the seventh century. The town was a centre of political, religious, and commercial activity, known for its construction of temples and monasteries.
The archaeological site shows the coexistence of Shaiva, Vaishnava, Buddhist, and Jain traditions. One prominent monument is the brick-built Lakshman Temple. Dedicated to Vishnu, it features a panchratha layout and detailed carvings of Hindu mythology. Other significant remains include the Gandheshwar Mahadev Temple, Surang Tila, the Ram Temple, Rajmahal, and the Market Complex.
A Centre of Buddhist Life
Sirpur also developed as an important centre for Buddhist monastic life. The Anandprabhu Kuti and Swastik Viharas offer insights into the practices of monks. The Anandprabhu Kuti features monastic cells and a Buddha image in the Bhumisparsha posture.
The Teevardeo Mahavihara, excavated in 2002–03 by archaeologist Dr Arun Kumar Sharma, has carved entrances depicting animals, Panchatantra stories, and scenes from everyday life. The site also includes underground stone drains, providing evidence of its advanced construction techniques. More than 2,000 antiquities have been linked to Sirpur, including metal sculptures of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain figures.
Boosting Tourism and Heritage
Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai welcomed the UNESCO listing. He described Sirpur as a significant legacy of the state’s civilisation, art, spirituality, and knowledge. Invoking the ‘Vikas Bhi, Virasat Bhi’ approach, he stated the state government is committed to preserving heritage while creating new tourism opportunities.
The listing is expected to bring greater international attention to Sirpur. Government figures show approximately 3,74,421 visitors between 2021–22 and 2025–26, including 201 foreign tourists. The site recorded its highest annual footfall of 83,786 in 2023–24. The annual Sirpur Mahotsav, featuring classical music, dance, and folk performances, further showcases the region’s cultural traditions.
The state’s 2026–27 budget has allocated INR 42 crore for Sirpur’s development. A Concept Plan Report for integrated tourism development is underway, proposing facilities like a museum, visitor pathways, rest areas, and a sound-and-light show. The Sirpur Special Area Development Authority will support implementation, while the Archaeological Survey of India will oversee monument conservation. The state aims to develop Sirpur as a major destination for historical, religious, Buddhist, and cultural tourism, benefiting local businesses and craftspeople. This inclusion marks an initial step towards potential World Heritage status.